Biochar and mycorrhiza enhance soil carbon storage and reduce CO2 emissions in wastewater-irrigated turf

Abstract Irrigation with recycled wastewater can reduce freshwater demand and improve soil fertility, but it also increase CO2 emissions from contribute to global warming. This study investigated whether biochar mycorrhiza enhance quality in wastewater-irrigated turf. A factorial experiment was conducted four levels of (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5%), two (with without), types irrigation water (freshwater wastewater). Soil H2O emissions, moisture temperature, chemical physical properties were measured for 3 months. Biochar treatments significantly reduced by 19.4–45.0% compared the control treatment. The combination at a 1.5% level had highest emission-reducing effect. 8.1–14.6%, increased organic matter, carbon, total nitrogen, regulated EC pH, improved porosity aggregate stability. results suggest that be effective strategies mitigate irrigation. have synergistic benefits carbon storage conservation.